In graphical user interfaces, a pointer is a small arrow or other symbol on the display screen that moves as you move the mouse.
在GUI中,当你移动鼠标时,在显示屏上,一起移动的那个小箭头或是其他形状的符号就叫光标
You can select commands and options by positioning the tip of the arrow over the desired choice and clicking a mouse button.
你可以用它的尖端来选中你想要选择的命令或是选项,并点击鼠标的按键
Many text processing programs use an I-beam pointer.
在文本的编辑状态中多用 I 型光标
A list of commands or options from which you can choose.
让你来选择的命令或选项的列表
Most applications now have a menu-driven component.
现在,大多数的应用程序都带有菜单驱动的部件
You can choose an item from the menu by highlighting it and then pressing the Enter or Return key
你可以从菜单上找到所须项目,并用[Enter]键或[Return]键来选择
or by simply pointing to the item with a mouse and clicking one of the mouse buttons.
也可以用光标并点击鼠标的某一个键来选择
The antithesis of a menu-driven program is a command-driven system
与菜单驱动程序相对应的是命令驱动系统
in which you must explicitly enter the command you want rather than choose from a list of possible commands.
其中你得去输入你想执行的命令而不是在菜单上选择
Menu-driven systems are simpler and easier to learn but are generally not as flexible as command-driven systems
菜单驱动的系统简单易学但却没有命令驱动系统的灵活性
which lend themselves more naturally to interaction with programs.
因为命令驱动的系统能更自然的结合到应用程序内部
There are several different types of menus
下面是几种菜单的类型
pop-up menu
弹出菜单
A menu that appears temporarily when you click the mouse button on a selection.
在一处点击鼠标是,临时显示出来的菜单(位置不固定)
Once you make a selection from a pop-up menu, the menu usually disappears.
通常是你做了选择之后菜单就消失了
cascading menu
重叠菜单
A submenu that opens when you select a choice from another menu.
选了一个菜单的选项,又出现的子菜单
pull-down menu
下拉菜单
A special type of pop-up menu that appears directly beneath the command you selected.
一种特殊类型的弹出菜单,它直接出现在你所选的命令的下方
moving-bar menu
移动项菜单
A menu in which options are highlighted by a bar that you can move from one item to another.
在选项见可以来回移动,并进行选择的菜单
Most menus are moving-bar menus.
大多数的菜单是该重类型
menu bar
菜单条
A menu arranged horizontally.
横向排放的菜单
Each menu option is generally associated with another pull-down menu that appears when you make a selection.
其中每一选项个当你选中时都会显示出一个下拉菜单
tear-off menu
浮动菜单
A pop-up menu that you can move around the screen like a window.
一重可以想窗口那样自由移动的弹出式菜单
In graphical user interfaces,a desktop is the metaphor used to portray file systems.
在GUI中,[桌面]通常是对文件系统的一个比喻
Such a desktop consists of pictures, called icons, that show cabinets, files, folders, and various types of documents (that is, letters, reports, pictures).
桌面包括,被称之为图标的图片,文件柜,文件,文件夹,还有各类文件(计算机中的概念)
You can arrange the icons on the electronic desktop just as you can arrange real objects on a real desktop
你可以组织管理电子桌面上的图标,就好象是你管理现实中的桌面那样
moving them around, putting one on top of another, reshuffling them, and throwing them away.
像移动呀,改变叠放顺序呀,打乱顺序,或是干脆扔掉,都可以实现
An enclosed, rectangular area on a display screen.
在显示器上的一个封闭的矩行的显示区域
Most modern operating systems and applications have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that let you divide your display into several windows.
大多数的现在的操作系统和应用程序都有GUI,来把你的显示器分割成若干个显示区域
Within each window, you can run a different program or display different data.
每个视窗里可以分别运行不同的程序或显示不同的数据
Windows are particularly valuable in multitasking environments
视窗的概念尤其是在多任务系统里极其重要和有价值
which allow you to execute several programs at once.
多任务是指同时执行多个程序的一个概念和技术
By dividing your display into windows, you can see the output from all the programs at the same time.
把显示器分割成几个窗口,可以让你同时看到不同程序的输出结果
To enter input into a program, you simply click on the desired window to make it the foreground process.
进入一个窗口时,你只须简单的点击那个窗口的一部分,使它变成前台处理就可以了
A small picture that represents an object or program.
代表一个程序,或代表一个对象,文件的小图片
Icons are very useful in applications that use windows
对于在视窗中的应用程序来讲图标是非常有用的
because with the click of a mouse button you can shrink an entire window into a small icon.
因为点击就会让整个程序的窗口缩小成一个图标
This is sometimes called minimizing.
这被称之为最小化
To redisplay the window, you merely move the pointer to the icon and click (or double click) a mouse button.
只要你从新移动你的鼠标到这个图标上点击的话(或双击)就会重新现实出刚才的窗口
This is sometimes called restoring or maximizing
这称之为最大化
Icons are a principal feature of graphical user interfaces.
图标是GUI当重最为基本的概念和构成
graphical user interface
图形用户界面
Abbreviated GUI
缩写为GUI
A program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use.
利用计算机的图形处理的能力,来简化计算机使用的程序界面
Well-designed graphical user interfaces can free the user from learning complex command languages.
设计良好的图形用户界面可以是用户从学习繁杂的命令中解放出来
On the other hand, many users find that they work more effectively with a command-driven interface, especially if they already know the command language.
反之,也有一些用户人为命令行的操作更高效,尤其是对那些已经熟悉命令语言的人们来说。